One way to look at this election is as a repudiation of Presidents Trump and Biden.

Democrats held 235 seats in the House in 2018 as Mr. Biden launched his campaign for president. To the surprise of prognosticators, they won just a bare majority, 222, on the day he was elected in 2020. As this is written, it looks like they will win about 211 this year.

That’s more than most forecasts, but the trend is not in Mr. Biden’s direction. At best, it’s slow leakage of the Democratic coalition.

Enough Senate races are up in the air, as I write, to be certain, but Republicans have lost a seat in Pennsylvania, lead in a seat in Nevada and have a chance at a 51st seat in a Georgia runoff on December 6. 

Nationalizing the race may help Republican Herschel Walker win unless Mr. Trump comes in and depresses turnout by casting doubts on the process, as he did two years ago — helping Democrats win their 49th and 50th Senate seats on January 5, 2021.

Republicans had hoped to do better in Senate races this year, and many thought that polling understated Republican support, as it did in 2016 and 2020. Yet that doesn’t appear to have been the case. 

And Republican candidates who won primaries with Mr. Trump’s vocal support, but who got few Trump dollars in the general, tended to underperform more than polls suggested.

Senator-elect J.D. Vance did win Ohio, but he ran 9 points behind Governor DeWine. In Pennsylvania, Mehmet Oz lost a seat Republicans have won in every election since 1968 and to a candidate, Lieutenant Governor John Fetterman, whom a stroke left inarticulate. 

First-time candidate Blake Masters trails 52 percent-46 percent in Arizona, where Republicans won every Senate race between 1992 and 2016. Brigadier General Don Bolduc lost 54 percent-44 percent in New Hampshire to Senator Hassan, who won by just 1,017 votes in 2016.

In each case, candidates not carrying the Trump baggage might have won.

Conservative analysts have scoffed at Biden Democrats’ argument that democracy was at stake in this election. Yet plainly, the specter of the January 6 riot at the Capitol hangs over candidates with the Trump imprimatur.

The biggest story of the night was the striking victories of Republican governors in the nation’s third and eighth most populous states, Florida and Georgia.

Governor Kemp of Georgia had been a target of furious Trump criticism since the former president lost the state narrowly in 2020, but last May, he defeated a Trump-backed challenger by a 51-point margin. 

Mr. Kemp benefited this fall from his decisions to end Covid lockdowns and stoutly defended the Georgia election laws decried as “Jim Crow 2.0” by Mr. Biden and Democratic nominee Stacey Abrams. 

In 2018, Mr. Kemp had won 50 percent-49 percent by 54,000 votes, although Ms. Abrams, much ballyhooed by fashionable press, denied that she really lost. This time, Mr. Kemp beat Ms. Abrams 53 percent-46 percent and won by 294,000 votes.

Georgia, by the way, has the nation’s third-highest percentage of Black voters, with many Black people from flagging northern cities flocking to comfortable suburbs in metro Atlanta. Mr. Kemp won 13 percent of Black voters this year and 38 percent of the state’s growing number of Hispanic voters.

The biggest winner of election 2022 was Governor DeSantis. Four years ago, he carried Florida 50 percent-49 percent, by just 32,000 votes, and he has been under repeated attack by the national press for his policies on Covid, concentrating on protecting the elderly and insisting on open schools and outdoor activities, and for a bill forbidding overt sexual material in kindergarten through third grade.

His mettle was tested when Hurricane Ian attacked southwest Florida on September 28 at a point not predicted by meteorologists. (Weather experts have improved greatly in recent decades but aren’t perfect.) 

He got the Pine Island bridge repaired within three days and the Sanibel Island bridge repaired in three weeks rather than the predicted three months. He didn’t just promise to build things — he delivered.

This year, Mr. DeSantis won reelection by 19 points, a 1,506,000-vote margin, in the state that President George W. Bush carried in 2000 by a 537-vote margin after 35 days of recounts and litigation.

Mr. DeSantis carried 62 of 67 counties and won 16 percent from Black people. He carried Hispanics 52 percent-45 percent. He carried majority-Hispanic Miami-Dade County 55 percent-44 percent — the first Republican governor to win there since Jeb Bush in 2002. 

He also carried heavily Jewish Palm Beach County, the first Republican governor to win there since 1986. He carried majority-Hispanic Osceola County, which includes part of Disney World, 53 percent-46 percent.

Mr. DeSantis won majorities from women, as well as men, from all age groups, from all income groups and from every religious group except Jews (he got only 42 percent) and those with no religion (only 40 percent). 

Overall, the DeSantis victory looks like the model for the durable national Republican majority that neither George W. Bush nor Mr. Trump was able to deliver.

This Florida model may be applicable further than the disappointing, for Republicans, Senate election results. On current returns, DeSantis won by larger percentage and popular vote margins than California’s Democratic governor, Gavin Newsom, and much larger margins than Democrats like Governor Hochul in New York or the billionaire governor of Illinois, J.B. Pritzker.

In those big states, Democrats’ margins have held up in glitzy neighborhoods packed with liberal white college graduates but have sagged elsewhere, thanks to high rates of crime, homelessness and taxes, and as is apparent in races for congressional races. 

To use a phrase I came up with in the 1970s and have found apposite since, Democrats are carrying the beautiful people but losing the dutiful people.

You can see the aggregate effect if you add together the votes for Republican and Democratic governors in the 10 most populous states (using votes for senator in North Carolina, which elects governors in presidential years). The result so far this year is Republicans 51 percent and Democrats 48 percent.

We have been accustomed to politics in which Republicans carry rural areas and run hopelessly behind in major metropolitan areas. Mr. DeSantis’ performance suggests that that’s not inevitable. 

Mr. DeSantis carried the Gold Coast (Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties), metro Tampa, metro Orlando and metro Jacksonville — something no Republican presidential candidate has done since the 1980s, in another era when voters also feared high crime and high inflation.

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