ALBANY — The apparent refusal by Senate Republicans to accept Governor Spitzer’s proposal for stricter campaign finance laws has left an already tense relationship between the executive chamber and the Senate in tatters and threatens to disrupt the governor’s post-budget agenda.

After months of negotiations, a furious Mr. Spitzer announced yesterday that talks on a campaign finance deal had collapsed. He said he held Senate Republicans responsible for derailing what he described as a critical effort to weaken the influence of special interests.

“The Republican members of the state Senate were unwilling to break their addiction to the free flow of money,” Mr. Spitzer said.

Republicans accused the governor of pushing “elitist” changes that would favor wealthier candidates and said the governor was diverting attention from other issues, such as tax relief. In the end, Senate Republicans, who hold a slim majority lead in an increasingly Democratic state, refused to sign on to a plan that would make it more difficult for them to raise money.

Once again on war footing after three weeks of post-budget calm, Mr. Spitzer said he would embark on another public shaming campaign, vowing to visit “every district in the state” to tell voters that Republican lawmakers are the obstacle to tighter campaign finance laws. “Senators should be forced to answer the question why you didn’t support this bill,” the governor said.

Such public retaliation has the potential to backfire on the governor. Elections seldom turn on a candidate’s support for stricter campaign finance laws, and polls have shown that the issue does not rate among the highest concerns of many voters.

“If he’s going to throw a little tantrum, let him throw it,” a Republican senator of Brooklyn, Martin Golden, said.

A more problematic concern for the governor is how the Senate leadership would respond to his tour. In a statement, the Republican Senate majority leader, Joseph Bruno, suggested that Mr. Spitzer’s actions could jeopardize the governor’s post-budget agenda, which includes the passage of new environmental and alternative energy laws, pay raises for judges, and removing costly mandates on public construction projects.

“Hopefully, the governor will listen and get his priorities in order so we can successfully conclude this legislative session,” Mr. Bruno said.

Mr. Spitzer employed the same aggressive strategy in February during the battle over choosing the state comptroller.

In retaliation for the Legislature’s decision to appoint a former assemblyman whose candidacy was opposed by the governor, Thomas DiNapoli, Mr. Spitzer visited the home districts of several lawmakers who voted for Mr. DiNapoli and attacked them publicly. The visits might have helped the governor gain public support, but they also alienated lawmakers who were offended by such heavy-handed politicking.

Mr. Spitzer had given the Legislature a deadline of yesterday to sign on to the campaign finance overhaul. The governor was pushing for across-the-board reductions on campaign contribution limits, including reducing maximum individual donations to statewide candidates to $15,000 from more than $50,000, which was the highest limit among states that impose limits; limiting giving by political action committees, which did not face limits, to $350,000, and limiting donations to soft-money campaign committee accounts used by political parties and legislative leaders to $50,000.

He also wanted to ban donations from corporate subsidiaries and LLCs, entities that have been used by donors to circumvent individual donation limits.

Mr. Spitzer said Republicans refused to accept the LLC ban. Sources said lawmakers from both houses were also concerned about changing finances laws in a way that would further restrict how they can spend their campaign cash on such expenses like air travel, country club memberships, and attorney fees.