The Senate gave final congressional approval to a five-year, $289 billion farm bill, following the House in passing the measure with enough support to override a threatened presidential veto.

The legislation, which boosts food aid while keeping farm subsidies largely intact, was approved today 81-15, more than the two-thirds majority needed to override a veto by President Bush. The House vote yesterday was 318-106.

Mr. Bush has said the plan exceeds spending guidelines, distorts trade, and subsidizes farmers at a time of record crop prices. He prefers a one-year extension of current law, which was passed in 2002 and has been extended until May 23, to give Congress time to overturn a veto. The support for the bill in Congress won’t deter Mr. Bush from trying to stop it, a White House spokesman, Scott Stanzel, said.

“This bloated bill includes special-interest earmarks and uses budget gimmicks to hide massive new spending,” Mr. Stanzel said in an e-mail. “The president will veto it.”

A veto may be overturned by a two-thirds vote in both chambers of Congress. Based on current membership, an override would take 289 votes in the House and 67 in the Senate, assuming all members vote. Several senators, including members of Mr. Bush’s own party, said the president should rethink his veto pledge.

“I hope the president is listening, because if he’s listening there will be no veto,” Senator Norm Coleman, Republican of Minnesota, said at a news conference after the vote.

None of the major presidential candidates were present for yesterday’s vote. Senators Clinton and Obama support the bill while Senator McCain opposes the legislation.

The bill’s biggest expense is food aid, which takes up about 74% of the spending authorized under the measure, according to the chairman of the House Agriculture Committee, Collin Peterson, a Democrat of Minnesota. Subsidies to growers of wheat, cotton, and other crops account for about 16%, he said.

The bill reduces a tax credit for blenders of ethanol into gasoline from 51 cents to 45 cents a gallon. A surge in demand for ethanol made from corn has contributed to record prices for the grain.

Reducing the tax credit was favored by companies such as Pilgrim’s Pride Corp., the largest American poultry producer, and Tyson Foods Inc., the world’s biggest meatpacker, which say subsidies for crop-based fuels push up the price of corn used primarily to feed livestock. The bill also extends a 54-cent-a-gallon tariff on imports of biofuels until 2012, including sugar-based ethanol from Brazil.

The plan lowers taxes for companies including Weyerhaeuser Co., North America’s largest timber producer. It reauthorizes the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, ending the so-called “Enron loophole” by extending regulatory power over electronic trading on energy markets.

It also requires that beef, lamb, pork, chicken, and goat meat, along with fruits and vegetables, peanuts and macadamia nuts, be labeled by country of origin.

The White House said the bill fails to reduce subsidies for growers of sugar, cotton, and other crops or place adequate limits on payments to wealthy farmers.

The president also objects to a sugar-to-ethanol program in which the government would buy surplus sweetener from producers for resale to biofuel plants, according to Mr. Bush’s statement Wednesday. In total, the bill would increase government spending by $20 billion if extended 10 years, more than double what Congress estimates, he said.

The administration still hopes lawmakers will change their minds after the veto and once the bill’s details become more widely known, Agriculture Secretary Schafer said yesterday on Bloomberg television.

“We have to find 40 votes in the House, and that’s going to be very difficult,” Mr. Schafer said before the Senate vote. “As it unfolds, people will look at this and say, ‘What did we do here?'”