VIENNA — OPEC today accused America of economic “mismanagement” that it said is pushing oil prices to record highs, rebuffing calls to boost output and laying blame at the feet of the Bush administration.

Oil prices surged past $104 a barrel for the first time after the OPEC announcement and the release of an American government report showing a surprise drop in crude oil stockpiles.

The 13-nation Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries said it would maintain current production levels because crude supplies are plentiful and demand is expected to weaken in the second quarter.

The president of OPEC, Chakib Khelil, told reporters the global market is being affected by what he called “the mismanagement of the U.S. economy,” and that America’s problems were a key factor in the cartel’s decision to hold off on any action.

“If the prices are high, definitely they are not due to a lack of crude. They are due to what’s happening in the U.S.,” Mr. Khelil said. “There is sufficient supply. There’s plenty of oil there.”

Mr. Khelil’s comments came one day after President Bush lashed out at the organization, warning yesterday: “I think it’s a mistake to have your biggest customers’ economies slowing down as a result of higher energy prices.”

A White House spokeswoman, Dana Perino, said today that Mr. Bush was “disappointed” OPEC didn’t do more to rein in prices, which some say are pushing the American economy into recession.

Although OPEC opted not to intervene, it did pledge to maintain “constant vigilance” over the market.

Mr. Khelil said he and OPEC’s secretary-general were authorized to call an extraordinary meeting or hold phone consultations “at any time, depending on the pressures on the market” — an apparent gesture to ease global economic jitters.

There had been some speculation that OPEC might actually cut production, but Mr. Khelil said that was not discussed at today’s meeting. He said OPEC had no plans to meet again before its next scheduled conference in September.

Mr. Khelil said crude stocks were well within their five-year average and the 13-nation group was not inclined to either boost or reduce its current output of about 32 million barrels a day. OPEC satisfies roughly 40% of the world’s demand for crude.

OPEC said it “highlighted the economic slowdown in the U.S., which, together with the deepening credit crisis in financial markets, is increasing the downside risks for world economic growth and consequently demand for crude oil.”

“Crude oil prices are being strongly influenced by the weakness in the U.S. dollar, rising inflation, and significant flow of funds into the commodities market,” it said.

The dollar sank to record lows today, with the euro fetching $1.53 for the first time ever in Europe.

Oil shot up a dramatic 19% last month as the falling dollar prompted speculators and other investors to shift cash to crude and other commodities as a hedge. Oil prices have also been supported by tensions in the Middle East and Turkey’s incursion into northern Iraq.

Key cartel members said this week that prices in the $85 to $90 a barrel range would be optimal.

But oil’s only direction today was up.

Light, sweet crude for April delivery rose $2.02 to $101.54 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange by the afternoon in Europe — amid growing expectations that it stood to climb even higher.

“There’s an ongoing stampede to be a part of the crude oil rally,” an analyst at Citigroup Inc., in New York, Tim Evans, said.

“The market listens to what they say. So when they do nothing, in the short-term there are still fears,” an analyst at John Hall Associates in London, John Hall, said.

“By helping the price to rise, they have fueled inflation and they’re fueling recession,” he said.

But the editor of The Schork Report, which keeps tabs on global energy markets and trends, Stephen Schork, said the cartel may not have had much choice.

“If you’re OPEC, you see ample supplies and questionable demand,” he said.

Mr. Schork gave OPEC credit for not pushing through a cut in output, which “would legitimize the bullish speculation we’ve seen since February” and risk sending oil to $120 a barrel or higher.

Crude inventories are growing, including “a massive increase” in American stocks, Mr. Schork said.

“It’s certainly a comfortable supply situation,” he said.

The 13 OPEC members are Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Iraq is the only member not subject to the cartel’s output quotas.