ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — Pakistan’s Supreme Court today reinstated three judges ousted by Pervez Musharraf, cementing political divisions in the country a day before it elects a new president.

Mr. Musharraf’s purge of the court last year deepened his unpopularity and helped his political foes to a victory in February elections. Musharraf resigned under pressure last month.

However, the second-largest party then quit the ruling coalition over the failure to restore all the judges — including the ousted chief justice, Iftikhar Mohammed Chaudhry.

Tassadiq Hussain Jillani, Shakirullah Jan, and Syed Jamshed Ali were sworn back into the court at a ceremony today.

Law Minister Farooq Naek said Mr. Chaudhry was also welcome to take a fresh oath, but said he could not return as chief justice because removing the judge who replaced him could trigger a “constitutional impasse.”

“There cannot be two chief justices,” Mr. Naek told reporters at the court.

The move deepens the rift between the ruling Pakistan People’s Party of Asif Ali Zardari, the front-runner to become president in a vote by lawmakers on Saturday, and that of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

Mr. Zardari has countered calls to restore the judges by arguing that it would require constitutional amendments to untangle a legal mess bequeathed by Mr. Musharraf.

But Mr. Zardari also appears wary of Mr. Chaudhry, who stood up to Musharraf and questioned a pact signed by the former military ruler that quashed long-standing corruption charges against Mr. Zardari and his slain wife, former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.

Mr. Zardari has accused Mr. Chaudhry of “playing politics” and called for sweeping judicial reforms expected to crimp the ability of the court to check the activities of the government.

He has dismissed as naive the country’s lawyers movement, whose yearlong protests undermined Mr. Musharraf and turned Mr. Chaudhry into a figurehead for a burgeoning pro-democracy movement.

Mr. Sharif has argued that because the judges were illegally removed, the government could restore them all through a simple order. A Sharif aide, Pervaiz Rashid, said the return of the three judges today amounted to validating Mr. Musharraf’s crackdown.

“Whether they restore three or 300 judges, the way they are doing it, it doesn’t change our stand,” he said. “We do not believe in any judiciary without the reinstatement of Justice Chaudhry.”

The fate of the judges is also important to Mr. Musharraf, who has played down suggestions he will be forced into exile by threats from Mr. Sharif to have him tried for treason.

Mr. Musharraf imposed emergency rule last November in order to purge the court and halt legal challenges to his plan to stay on for another five years as president.

The retooled court issued orders granting him immunity from prosecution for a crackdown that Mr. Musharraf himself admitted was unconstitutional.

The government already changed a law lifting the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court from 16 to 29 — meaning none of the judges who issued those protections will have to make way for any who return.