JERUSALEM, Israel – Jewish settlers and their supporters protested outside Parliament for a second day yesterday against Israel’s planned withdrawal from Palestinian Arab territories, demanding that Prime Minister Sharon hold a referendum on dismantling settlements there.

The protest came as a de-facto truce between Israel and Palestinian Arabs took hold. Top security officials from the two sides meet yesterday to finalize a handover of security control of West Bank towns to the Palestinian Arabs.

Testing the informal cease-fire, a 10-year-old Palestinian Arab girl was fatally shot in the head at a United Nations school in Gaza’s Rafah refugee camp, Palestinian Arab and U.N. officials said.

The killing prompted Islamic terrorists to fire mortar shells at Jewish settlements and endangered an unofficial cease-fire between Israelis and Palestinians.

The circumstances of Noran Deeb’s death were unclear. She was standing with other children in the courtyard for afternoon assembly when she was shot. The U.N. agency for Palestinian Arab refugees said the fire came from an area under Israel military control, but could not say who fired the shots. The area is a frequent flashpoint of violence between Israeli troops and Palestinian Arab terrorists.

Palestinian Arab witnesses blamed Israeli soldiers. The Israeli military said it checked the claims and found two cases in which soldiers opened fire, but neither was in the area where the girl was shot. “According to our examination, the girl apparently was not shot by Israeli army gunfire,” the military spokesman’s office said.

An Israeli military official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said Palestinian Arab revelers had been shooting into the air in the area, celebrating their return from the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca.

Residents, however, said there were no such celebrations, and Dr. Ali Moussa, the physician who treated the girl, said she was hit by a bullet directly in the face. But he said initial reports by paramedics that she had been killed by tank fire were wrong.

Shortly after the shooting, two mortar rounds landed in the Jewish settlement of Neve Dekalim in Gaza, causing no injuries but damaging a home, the Israeli army said. The terrorist group Hamas said it fired five mortar rounds at a Jewish settlement in Gaza in retaliation for Deeb’s death.

Sunday’s rally, which drew an estimated crowd of 130,000, was one of the largest in Jerusalem’s history. Hundreds of demonstrators wore orange shirts, the color adopted by opponents of the Gaza withdrawal, and some pledged to try to disrupt the evacuation of Gaza settlements, set for this summer.

“Ariel Sharon, you have no mandate to expel Jews,” a pro-settler lawmaker, Effie Eitam, told the crowd.

Several hundred settlers spent the night in tents outside parliament, and resumed their demonstration yesterday.

However, the protest was unlikely to deter Mr. Sharon, who has stabilized his coalition government with backers of the withdrawal. With a recent drop in violence, Mr. Sharon has also stepped up contacts with the Palestinian Arabs.

Mr. Sharon and Palestinian Arab leader Mahmoud Abbas were heading toward their first summit since mid-2003, when Mr. Abbas was prime minister. February 8 was emerging as the date for the summit, and Secretary of State Rice will arrive in the region two days earlier.

In the latest signs of warming ties, the Israeli defense minister, Shaul Mofaz, met yesterday with Palestinian Arab negotiator Mohammed Dahlan, in their second encounter in three days, Israeli officials said.

The officials said the men were expected to complete preparations for handing over security control to the Palestinian Arabs in several West Bank towns and a possible Israeli release of hundreds of Palestinian Arab security prisoners.

Palestinian Arab police commanders said they were told to prepare to take control of four West Bank cities – Ramallah, Qalqiliya, Tulkarem, and Jericho – as early as Wednesday. However, Israeli officials said no steps would be taken ahead of Thursday’s meeting of the Security Cabinet.

Palestinian Arab security officials said they were told by their Israeli counterparts that troops also would take down some roadblocks, rolling back security measures imposed after violence erupted in September 2000.

Mr. Abbas has won a commitment from militant groups to stop attacks, and Israel has scaled back military operations in return, though a formal cease-fire has not been declared yet.