NEW ALBANY, Ind. — President Bush, escalating his budget battle with Congress, today vetoed a spending measure for health and education programs prized by congressional Democrats.

He also signed a big increase in the Pentagon’s non-war budget although the White House complained it contained “some unnecessary spending.”

The president’s action was announced on Air Force One as Mr. Bush flew to New Albany, Ind., on the Ohio River across from Louisville, Ky., for a speech criticizing the Democratic-led Congress on its budget priorities.

The White House said the $606 billion education and health was loaded with 2,000 earmarks — lawmaker-sponsored projects that critics call pork-barrel spending — which Mr. Bush wants stripped from the bill.

“Some of its wasteful projects include a prison museum, a sailing school taught aboard a catamaran, and a Portuguese-as-a-second-language program,” the president said. “Congress owes the taxpayers much better than this effort.”

It was sixth bill vetoed by Mr. Bush. Congress has overridden his veto only once, on a politically popular water projects measure.

Mr. Bush hammered Democrats for what he called a tax-and-spend philosophy:

“The Congress now sitting in Washington holds this philosophy,” Mr. Bush told an audience of business and community leaders. “The majority was elected on a pledge of fiscal responsibility, but so far it’s acting like a teenager with a new credit card.

“This year alone, the leadership in Congress has proposed to spend $22 billion more than my budget provides,” the president said. “Now, some of them claim that’s not really much of a difference. The scary part is, they seem to mean it.”

More than any other spending bill, the education and health measure defines the differences between Mr. Bush and majority Democrats. The House fell three votes short of winning a veto-proof margin as it sent the measure to Mr. Bush.

The Democratic chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, Rep. David Obey, pounced immediately on Mr. Bush’s veto.

“This is a bipartisan bill supported by over 50 Republicans,” Mr. Obey said. “There has been virtually no criticism of its contents. It is clear the only reason the president vetoed this bill is pure politics.”

Speaker Pelosi said Mr. Bush “again vetoed a bipartisan and fiscally responsible bill that addresses the priorities of the American people: education for our children, assistance in paying skyrocketing energy costs, veterans’ health care, and other urgent health research on cancer and other serious medical problems. At the same time, President Bush and his congressional allies demand hundreds of billions of dollars for the war in Iraq — none of it paid for.”

Since winning re-election, Mr. Bush has sought to cut the labor, health, and education measure below the prior year level. But lawmakers have rejected the cuts. The budget that Mr. Bush presented in February sought almost $4 billion in cuts to this year’s bill.

Democrats responded by adding $10 billion to Mr. Bush’s request for the 2008 bill. Democrats say spending increases for domestic programs are small compared with Mr. Bush’s pending war request totaling almost $200 billion.

The measure provides:

— A 20% increase over Mr. Bush’s request for job training programs.

— $1.4 billion more than Mr. Bush’s request for health research at the National Institutes of Health, a 5% increase.

— $2.4 billion for heating subsidies for the poor, $480 million more than Mr. Bush requested.

— $665 million for grants to community action agencies; Mr. Bush sought to kill the program outright.

— $63.6 billion for the Education Department, a 5% increase over 2007 spending and 8% more than Mr. Bush sought.

— A $225 million increase for community health centers.