WASHINGTON — More than a year after Congress pledged to curb pork barrel funding known as earmarks, lawmakers have gone on another spending binge, directing billions toward organizations and companies in their home districts.

Earmark spending in the House’s defense authorization bill alone soared 29% last month, to $9.9 billion now from $7.7 billion last year, according to data compiled by Taxpayers for Common Sense, a nonpartisan watchdog group in Washington, D.C. The Senate bill has not been approved, but the proposal includes an increased number of earmarks, though for a slightly lesser total cost.

Lawmakers had promised to cut back on earmarks and mandated better disclosure of them, after steady criticism they were funding programs with little debate or oversight. The promises led to an initial decline in earmarks last year, which was trumpeted on Capitol Hill. But the new data show that they are surging again, at least in the proposed Pentagon budget.

“Both parties talk a good game on cutting earmarks, but at first opportunity the House larded up,” the vice president of the watchdog group, Stephen Ellis, said. “This is just another broken promise.”

Think of a way to spend money on defense, and it could easily be among the hundreds projects added quietly to the House and Senate spending plans this spring. Many of the earmarks serve as no-bid contracts for the recipients.

Requests include $204,000 for an infantry platoon battle course from senators Lincoln and Pryor, both Arkansas Democrats; $2.2 million for nanofluids for advanced military mobility from Rep. Geoff Davis, a Republican of Kentucky; $98 million for a Northrop Gumman project to develop an aircraft sensor suite, from senators Chambliss, a Republican of Georgia, Lieberman, an independent who caucuses with the Democrats, and Martinez, a Republican of Florida.

Mr. Chambliss was a part of another bipartisan group of lawmakers who also requested allocating $497 million to United Technologies, Lockheed Martin, and Pratt & Whitney for “advanced procurement or line close down costs,” the watchdog group’s data show.

Funding for an indoor small arms range in Connecticut? It’s in there too, at $11 million, care of Mr. Lieberman and Senator Dodd, a Democrat of Connecticut. So is $10 million for school age services on a military base in Kentucky.

Tens of millions more are directed at lawmakers’ state universities, sometimes for research of metals, composites, and other technology. That includes $2.5 million for development of three-dimensional integrated circuit research at Boise State. East Carolina University will get $3 million for “superstructural particle evaluation.”

The latest surge has occurred under Democratic leadership of Congress, but it is difficult to compare earmark spending to Republican-controlled Congresses because there was no disclosure requirement until last year. This year, all sides have racked up some big requests in the defense authorization bills. In the Senate, Mr. Lieberman led the way with his participation in 14 requests worth more than $292 million, some of them involving more than one lawmaker, the watchdog group data shows. Senator Levin, a Democrat of Michigan, made 48 requests, many with colleagues, worth more than $198 million. Senators Sessions and Dole led Republicans by participating in requests totaling $188 million and $182 million, respectively.