WASHINGTON – The government is setting up a special monitoring board to keep checking on medicines once they’re on the market, responding to complaints that officials reacted too slowly to reports linking prescription painkillers to heart attack and stroke.

Plans for the board were announced yesterday on the eve of a congressional hearing on the safety of painkillers such as Vioxx and Celebrex, drugs that blossomed into a $5 billion-a-year business before risks from potential side effects came to light.

Meanwhile, a medical journal questioned whether continued use of such products was justified.

Vioxx was pulled from the market in September after a study showed an increase in heart attacks and strokes among people using it. Other studies have also raised questions of heart problems with the similar drugs Celebrex and Bextra.

“Because there are well-established options for treatment of all the approved indications for these drugs, it is reasonable to ask whether the use of the drugs can now be justified,” Dr. Jeffrey Drazen, editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, wrote in an editorial published online.

That is the question facing the Food and Drug Administration’s arthritis and drug safety and risk management advisory committees at their meeting beginning today.

The new drug safety board was announced by Health and Human Services Secretary Michael Leavitt, who said it has become clear that people want more oversight and openness from the FDA.

“They want to know what we know, what we do with information and why we do it,” Mr. Leavitt said, promising to create “a new culture of openness and enhanced independence.”

The board will recommend what information and updates to put on the government’s Drug Watch, resolve disputes over drug safety issues, and oversee the development of a drug safety policy. It will include FDA employees and medical experts from other government agencies and will consult with outside medical experts as well as consumer and patient groups.

Lester Crawford, the acting FDA commissioner who was nominated Monday by President Bush to assume the post permanently, said the agency now “understands that the public expects better and more prompt information.”

Dr. Drazen’s editorial was accompanied by three studies of these drugs, known as Cox-2 inhibitors, being released early by the journal.

The reports add detail to indications of heart problems associated with the drugs.

The prescription drugs have become widely popular pain killers for people with chronic conditions such as arthritis because they avoid the stomach and intestinal problems that have been associated with many other pain killers.

“Unfortunately,” Dr. Drazen said in his editorial, “as the evidence began to suggest unexpected toxicity of this group of agents, the same zeal that had driven the clinical investigators to show their gastrointestinal safety was not evidenced by studies designed to show their cardiovascular safety.”