WASHINGTON — Senate Republicans blocked a broad energy bill today because it included billions of dollars in new taxes on the biggest oil companies.

Democratic leaders fell one vote short, 59-40, in getting the 60 votes needed to overcome a GOP filibuster. Democrats said they would strip the taxes from the legislation to move the bill forward.

The majority leader, Senator Reid of Nevada, said he hoped to get the revised energy package approved later in the day, including the first increase in automobile fuel efficiency in three decades and massive increases in the use of ethanol as a motor fuel.

He said we will “eliminate the tax title.”

The Republican leader, Senator McConnell of Kentucky, predicted the revised bill would be approved with wide bipartisan support.

The legislation, if passed by the Senate, would have to be voted on by the House, which a week ago approved legislation that included the $21 billion tax increases with revenues marked for promoting renewable fuels and energy efficiency.

But Senate Republicans stood firm on opposing the tax increases, which they said would guarantee a veto by President Bush.

Mr. McConnell chided Democrats for pushing a “massive tax increase” that he said “they knew would never be signed into law” because of the president’s opposition.

Mr. Reid countered that the Senate shouldn’t back away from the needed tax measures “just because the president doesn’t like it.”

“We must begin to break our country’s addiction to oil,” Mr. Reid said.