WASHINGTON – The Senate approved a measure yesterday to help shield businesses from major class-action lawsuits like the ones that have been brought against tobacco companies, giving President Bush the first legislative victory of his second term.

Under the legislation, long sought by big business, large multi-state class-action lawsuits could no longer be heard in small state courts. Such courts have handed out multimillion-dollar verdicts.

Instead, the cases would be heard by federal judges, who have not proven as open to those type of lawsuits.

The Senate passed the bill 72-26, and it now goes to the House.

Mr. Bush called the bill a strong step forward.

“Our country depends on a fair legal system that protects people who have been harmed without encouraging junk lawsuits that undermine confidence in our courts while hurting our economy,” Mr. Bush said in a statement released in Pennsylvania, where he was promoting his Social Security proposals.

Thomas Donohue, president of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, said, “Now it’s time for the House to finish the job and take back our civil justice system from plaintiffs’ lawyers seeking jackpot justice.”

But Todd A. Smith, president of the Association of Trial Lawyers of America, said, “Every American’s legal rights are diminished by this anti-consumer legislation.” The association said insurance, tobacco, drug, chemical, and other companies had financed the push to get the legislation through the Senate.

Mr. Bush and other bill supporters – who have pushed for the legislation for almost six years – say it is needed because greedy lawyers have taken advantage of the state system by filing frivolous lawsuits in state courts where they know they can get big verdicts.

Senators who back the bill say lawyers make more money from such cases than do the actual victims, and that lawyers sometimes threaten companies with class-action lawsuits just to get quick financial settlements. Regular people, they assure, will not lose their day in court.

Opponents of the bill say Mr. Bush and other bill supporters are trying to help businesses escape proper judgments for their wrongdoing – and also to hurt the trial lawyers who litigate the cases, some of whom are big Democratic contributors.

“Are there bad lawyers that bring meritless cases? Sure there are, and we should crack down on them,” said Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid of Nevada, a former trial lawyer. “But this bill is not about punishing bad lawyers. It is about hurting consumers and helping corporations avoid liability for misconduct.”

Eight Democrats were sponsors of the bill, leaving the rest with no way to block it.

The bill’s aim “is to make sure when companies are called on the carpet, when they are involved in a class-action litigation, they’re in a court, in a courthouse with a judge where the companies have a fair shake, where the odds, the decks aren’t stacked against them,” said Senator Carper, a Democrat of Delaware.

Changing the legal system – including class-action lawsuits, medical malpractice lawsuits, and asbestos injury lawsuits – has been a priority of Mr. Bush and the business community.

“The reason why this bill is the highest priority of the Bush administration and the Republican leadership in Congress is because of one simple fact: Class-action suits moved from state courts to federal court are less likely to go forward, to be tried, and they are less likely to reach a verdict where someone wins or loses,” said Senate Democratic Whip Richard Durbin, a Democrat of Illinois.

And if the plaintiffs win, Mr. Durbin said businesses are “less likely to pay a reasonable amount of money in federal court than in state court.”