President Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act cleared the hurdle of the Senate with the help of Vice President Vance, and the legislation now heads back to the House.

On Tuesday, the Senate voted 51-50 in favor of the legislation, with Mr. Vance casting the tie-breaking vote. The final vote came after a marathon of 27 hours of votes on amendments to the bill. 

After hearing that the chamber passed the bill, Mr. Trump told reporters, “Wow, music to my ears.” Three Republican senators voted against the bill: Thom Tillis, Rand Paul, and Susan Collins. 

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act contains large swaths of Mr. Trump’s agenda, such as making his 2017 tax cuts permanent. It also includes $46.5 billion for border wall construction and $29.9 billion for Immigration and Customs Enforcement. And it includes $25 billion for the president’s “Golden Dome” missile defense system.

The bill also implements Medicaid work requirements of 80 hours per month for able-bodied adults under the age of 65. It is projected to cut $170 billion in “waste, fraud, and abuse” from Medicare and the Affordable Care Act. 

Additionally, the bill rolls back clean energy tax credits from President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act, which is projected to save $488 billion.

The bill cuts roughly $1.5 trillion in spending.

However, the legislation has been harshly criticized by conservative Republicans who say it does not cut spending enough. The Congressional Budget Office projects it will add $3.3 trillion to the deficit over the next decade. 

The former leader of DOGE, Elon Musk, has called the bill “utterly insane and destructive” and said it will “destroy millions of jobs in America.” In response, Mr. Trump said he will “look” into deporting Mr. Musk. 

Mr. Tillis opposed the bill due to the cuts to Medicaid. He said over the weekend that he would not seek re-election next year. Mr. Trump threatened to back a primary challenger. North Carolina is expected to be one of the most competitive Senate races for Republicans in 2026. 

Mr. Paul said he objected to the bill because it included an increase in the debt ceiling. And Ms. Collins had raised concerns about the Medicaid cuts. 

The bill will now go back to the House, where Republicans have a narrow majority. Its fate is uncertain, as at least six Republicans have threatened to oppose the measure due to changes made in the Senate. Lawmakers in the lower chamber have also expressed concerns about the cuts to Medicaid, while others have said it does not cut spending enough.