WASHINGTON — Wholesale prices in the United States reaccelerated in January, indicating that inflation pressures pervade the economy despite longer-term signs of improvement.

Between December and January, the government’s producer price index jumped 0.7 percent, driven up in part by a 5 percent surge in energy prices. 

That increase compared with a 0.2 percent drop between November and December, and it was nearly twice the rise that economists had been expecting.

The producer price data reflects prices charged by manufacturers, farmers and wholesalers, and it flows into an inflation gauge that the Federal Reserve closely tracks. It can provide an early sign of how fast consumer inflation will rise.

While the monthly inflation surge was worse than expected, price increases measured over the past year continued to show a slowdown: Wholesale prices in January were up 6 percent from 12 months earlier, compared with a 6.5 percent year-over-year rise in December and a recent peak of 11.7 percent in March. 

It was the seventh straight month of decelerating year-over-year wholesale inflation, though it still came in higher than forecasters had expected.

Excluding volatile food and energy prices, so-called core wholesale inflation was up 5.4 percent in January from a year earlier and 0.5 percent from December. Food prices, though, fell 1 percent, the second straight monthly drop. 

Egg prices, which have been driven up by a wave of avian flu, sank 12.7 percent between December and January but are still up more than 200 percent from a year ago.

In the energy sector, wholesale gasoline prices were up 6.2 percent from December, diesel fuel 10.9 percent and natural gas for homes 12.2 percent.

“While producer prices are off their peaks, inflation is elevated and the monthly change in prices showed a move in the wrong direction last month,’’ said the chief U.S. economist at High Frequency Economics, Rubeela Farooqi. 

“These data will keep the Fed on track to raise interest rates further, to a sufficiently restrictive stance, in order to get inflation back toward” the central bank’s 2 percent inflation target, she said.

This week, the government reported that consumer inflation cooled for a seventh straight month compared with a year earlier. 

The report also showed that inflationary pressures underlying the economy were likely to keep prices elevated well into this year. The year-over-year consumer inflation figure for January, 6.4 percent, remains well above the Fed’s 2 percent annual target.

Since March of last year, the Fed has raised its benchmark interest rate eight times in hopes of slowing the economy enough to conquer high inflation. 

Inflation has eased since hitting a four-decade high in mid-2022. The rate hikes have had the broader economic effect of raising the costs of mortgages and auto loans as well as credit card interest rates.

Despite higher borrowing costs, the American job market has remained surprisingly strong. Employers added a sizzling 517,000 employees last month — nearly three times what forecasters had expected — and the unemployment rate fell to 3.4 percent, lowest since 1969.