“Texas authorities on Tuesday indicted the leader of a polygamous sect … on charges of felony sexual assault on a minor, the first criminal charges to stem from a massive raid on the group’s West Texas compound,” the Los Angeles Times reported last week.

The Associated Press and other press outlets used similar words: “indicted polygamist sect leader Warren Jeffs … charges of felony sexual assault of a child.”

Straightforward reporting? In my “20/20” special “Sex in America,” polygamy activist Mark Henkel said no, it’s an ignorant distortion.

“The media kept saying, ‘Polygamist leader, polygamist leader,'” Mr. Henkel told me. “But the case actually involved incest and arranged marriage of a girl with her 19-year-old cousin. There wasn’t anything [that] had to do with polygamy. [Mr. Jeffs] wasn’t called an incest leader. He wasn’t called an underage-marriage leader. He was called a polygamist leader.”

Mr. Henkel and his Web site, TruthBearer, campaign against the press and others who lump criminals like Mr. Jeffs with all polygamy.

Mr. Henkel won’t disclose his own family situation. In Maine, where he lives, even purporting to have more than one wife is against the law. Mr. Henkel complains that American laws are hypocritical.

“Someone like a Hugh Hefner will have a successful television show with three live-in girlfriends! And that’s all okay, and he’s making great money, and that’s all fine and great entertainment. But suddenly, if that man was to marry them, then suddenly he’s a criminal. That’s insane!”

Many people, when they hear the word “polygamy,” think of fundamentalist Mormons living in cults, but the truth is that there’s lots of polygamy in America that has nothing to do with that. First of all, polygamy was banned by the mainstream Mormon Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in 1890 and is grounds for excommunication. For my “20/20” special, we interviewed Jewish and evangelical Christian polygamists. Mr. Henkel’s Web site is subtitled “Organization for Christian Polygamy.” He estimates that there are 100,000 polygamists in America.

Serving food at Soul Vegetarian, a Chicago restaurant, are Yoannah and Shalemyah Ben-Israel. They call themselves sisters, but they are not sisters: They are two of four wives married to a man named Prince Ben-Israel.

“We’ve been married 45 years,” Yoannah says. “It’s been wonderful, and I wouldn’t take it any other way.”

The Ben-Israels’ willingness to appear on camera is unusual. Polygamists tend to keep their marital arrangements secret because what they’re doing is against the law.

Shalemyah is Prince’s second wife. When Prince approached his first wife, Yoannah, about taking a second wife, she was upset. “I cried, I prayed, I still didn’t understand it, but I gave it a chance.”

She invited Shalemyah into their home, and a relationship developed. Now, 30 years later, she can’t imagine life without her. “Most women look at us and think that we are subservient women, we don’t have a voice, we don’t have a position, we’re just led around. And it’s exactly the opposite.”

Ten years ago, a University of Georgia professor, Patricia Dixon, thought polygamy exploited women. Then she embarked on a study of it.

“I was transformed by the experience.”

She spent years living with different polygamous communities. She was surprised to find that polygamy was not about men exploiting women.

“It’s female-centered. The women are the ones who are benefiting. … “

Wouldn’t most people say it’s about the men getting more sex with more women?

“It’s not about another notch on your belt or anything like that. It really is the women who really promote this idea.”

Plural marriage is common around the world. In America most get married in religious ceremonies but keep quiet about it because what they do is illegal.

The families we met wonder why what they do is illegal. Clearly it’s wrong if an older man arranges marriages of young kids, but when adults choose to live this kind of life, why is that evil?

“Because we need marriage for the good of society. I think if we were to see this across the range of society the effect would be negative,” Peter Sprigg of the Family Research Council told me. He added, “slavery and polygamy were the twin relics of barbarism. Those are barbaric societies that we’ve tried to move beyond.”

Plenty of religious leaders agree with Mr. Sprigg, but Mr. Henkel isn’t buying it. “If they’re saying that’s immoral, they’re calling the greatest heroes in the Bible … immoral! … Saying that Abraham, with his three wives, was immoral. Jacob had four wives. David had seven known named wives before Bathsheba.”

Mr. Ben-Israel calls plural marriage a civil-rights issue. “Who is this government that’s in somebody’s bedroom? … It was illegal for me to marry a white woman at one time. … It was illegal for me to vote at one time. And if I had accepted somebody else’s definition of what was right and wrong, I would still be riding in the back of the bus.

“We’re not saying this is for everybody. Everybody don’t like football and basketball or tennis. But those who do ought to be free to do this.”

Mr. Stossel is co-anchor of ABC News’ “20/20” and the author of “Myth, Lies, and Downright Stupidity,” which is now out in paperback. © 2008 JFS Productions Inc.