Whatever happened to Shareholder Democracy? That’s the question unfolding in a Delaware court after Tesla’s owners — its shareholders — defied a judge over how much to pay their chief executive, Elon Musk. The judge is flummoxed — “This has never been done before,” she stammered at a hearing — and the case may go to the First State’s high court. It also reflects ferment over corporate law in Delaware, a haven for big American companies.