If some viewers found “Barbie” too anodyne even for a comedy, then the return of France’s “bad-girl” director, Catherine Breillat, should give them something more substantial to grapple with as she interrogates patriarchy and sexual politics. Known for provocative films such as “Fat Girl” and “Romance,” among others, Ms. Breillat adds to her controversial yet trenchant streak with her new movie “Last Summer,” focusing as it does on a relationship between a middle-aged woman and her teenage step-son.