BAGHDAD, Iraq – Mortars, bombs, and drive-by gunmen killed at least 24 Iraqis, and the new government vowed yesterday to capture and punish the killers of at least 50 other people found slain in the past 48 hours, charging that insurgents were trying to start open warfare between the country’s Shiite majority and Sunni miniority.

Underscoring the threat, two car bombs exploded within minutes at a mostly Shiite Baghdad market, killing at least nine soldiers and a civilian in a rash of attacks many here worry could deepen the conflict beyond the deadly insurgency against American forces and their Iraqi allies.

With the body count rising, an influential association of Sunni clerics accused the government’s Shiite-dominated security forces of participating in the carnage – a claim rejected by the Sunni defense minister and other officials.

“The new government will strike with an iron fist against any criminal who tries to harm a Sunni or a Shiite citizen,” Prime Minister al-Jaafari told reporters after visiting Iraq’s top Shiite cleric in the holy city of Najaf. “The death sentence will be implemented.”

The Shiite premier has sought to reach out to the disaffected Sunni Arab minority – believed to be driving the insurgency – by including them in his new government announced on April 28. But Sunnis are still underrepresented in Cabinet and a newly appointed committee tasked with drafting a new constitution by August 15.

Two car bombs at the Baghdad market went off in quick succession, killing the nine soldiers and a civilian. The second blast targeted soldiers who rushed to help the victims of the first explosion. Shopkeepers piled the injured into trucks to get them to hospital. Yarmouk Hospital treated 29 people injured in the blasts, one of whom died.

The radical Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr also came out of hiding yesterday for the first time since his fighters clashed with American forces in Najaf and Baghdad in August. Mr. al-Sadr held a news conference demanding that American-led forces leave Iraq and Saddam Hussein be punished. “I want the immediate withdrawal of the occupation forces,” he said.

Nearly 500 Iraqis have been killed in a series of car bombings, ambushes, and other insurgent attacks since Iraq’s first democratically elected government was formed. In a grisly twist to the relentless violence, batches of bodies, many of them bound and blindfolded, turned up in several parts of the country over the past week.

Thirteen were found in a garbage strewn lot in Baghdad’s Shiite-dominated Sadr City slum, 11 more in an abandoned chicken farm south of the capital in an insurgent stronghold dubbed Iraq’s Triangle of Death, and 10 identified as Iraqi soldiers in the battleground city of Ramadi.

Late Sunday, at least eight more men were found near a dam in another Shiite-dominated Baghdad neighborhood, their hands tied behind their backs and bullet wounds to their heads. Two of the victims were still alive, but died soon afterward, police said. Associated Press Television News footage showed the blood-soaked ground where the bodies were found, and three of the corpses being brought into a Baghdad hospital.

The Sunni-based Association of Muslim Scholars said the two survivors told their families before they died that security force members seized them from mosques and shot them.

The defense minister, Saadoun al-Duleimi, denied the accusation, saying the killings were carried out by “terrorists” wearing military uniforms. But in a gesture to the association, he said Iraqi security forces would be banned from entering places of worship and universities. American forces say they have repeatedly been attacked from inside mosques. They rely on their Iraqi counterparts to conduct searches there to avoid provoking Iraqis.

Another body was also found yesterday, this time an Iraqi Kurd shot in the head and chest and left in a garbage dump in Kirkuk, police and witnesses said. An AP reporter saw the victim, identified by police as Najat Saadoun, with his hands tied behind his back.

A spokesman for Mr. al-Jaafari, Laith Kuba, said such attacks “aim to create sectarian fighting in the country because such clashes could bring more recruits to [militant] groups.”

“The government is aware of that and will not let this plan succeed,” Mr. Kuba said. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani also stressed the need for “fighting terrorism and guaranteeing security” during his meeting with Mr. al-Jaafari, said an aide to the cleric, speaking on condition of anonymity. But he urged his Shiite followers to exercise restraint in the face of provocative attacks, the aide said.