BEIJING — Communist China on Thursday said American accusations that a downed Chinese balloon was part of an extensive surveillance program amount to “information warfare against China.”

The Pentagon on Wednesday said the Chinese balloon shot down off the South Carolina coast Saturday was part of a program involving a number of such airships that China has been operating for “several years.”

At Thursday’s daily briefing, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Mao Ning, repeated China’s insistence that the large unmanned balloon was a civilian meteorological airship that had accidentally blown off course and that America had “overreacted” by shooting it down.

“It is irresponsible,” Ms. Mao said at a daily briefing. The latest accusations “may be part of the U.S. side’s information warfare against China.”

China’s defense minister refused to take a phone call from Defense Secretary Austin to discuss the balloon issue on Saturday, the Pentagon said, and China has not answered questions as to what government department or company the balloon belonged to, or how it planned to follow up on a pledge to take further action over the matter.

American officials have dismissed China’s claims and agents from the FBI and the Naval Criminal Investigative Service are cataloging debris recovered from the ocean and transporting it for further processing.

When similar balloons passed over American territory on four occasions during the Trump and Biden administrations, America did not immediately identify them as Chinese surveillance balloons, said the Pentagon press secretary Brigadier General Pat Ryder.

He said “subsequent intelligence analysis” allowed America to confirm they were part of a Chinese spying effort and learn “a lot more” about the program.

“I can assure you this was not for civilian purposes … We are 100 percent clear about that,” General Ryder said.

Top administration officials were briefing members of Congress on the Chinese balloon surveillance program in classified sessions on Wednesday and Thursday.

Secretary of State Blinken canceled a visit to Beijing planned for this week in the wake of the incident, dealing a setback to efforts at arresting a further deterioration of bilateral relations that have spiraled to their lowest level in decades.

He said America has briefed dozens of countries on the program, which officials said has been active over five continents.

“The United States was not the only target,” he said at a news conference with visiting NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg.

Mr. Blinken said he and Mr. Stoltenberg had spoken about the “systemic and tactical challenges” that China poses to the alliance and the importance of combatting them.

With China’s tone sharpening over the balloon incident, it wasn’t clear when Mr. Blinken’s visit might be rescheduled.

Despite that, China’s Commerce Ministry said Thursday it welcomed a proposed visit by Treasury Secretary Yellen, saying, “It’s very important for both sides to maintain normal communication.”