WASHINGTON — Republicans blocked the Senate’s no-confidence vote on Attorney General Gonzales yesterday, rejecting a symbolic Democratic effort to prod him from office despite blistering criticism from lawmakers in both parties.

The 53–38 vote to move the resolution to full debate fell seven short of the 60 required. In bringing the matter up, Democrats dared Republicans to vote their true feelings about an attorney general who has alienated even the White House’s strongest defenders by bungling the firings of federal prosecutors and claiming not to recall the details.

Republicans did not defend him, but most voted against moving the resolution ahead.

Short of impeachment, Congress has no authority to oust a Cabinet member, but Democrats were trying anew to give him a push. Mr. Gonzales dismissed the rhetorical ruckus on Capitol Hill, and President Bush continued to stand by his longtime friend and legal adviser.

“They can have their votes of no confidence, but it’s not going to make the determination about who serves in my government,” Mr. Bush said in Sofia, Bulgaria, the last stop on a weeklong visit to Europe.

“This process has been drug out a long time,” Mr. Bush added. “It’s political.”

The attorney general said he was paying no attention to the rhetoric on Capitol Hill.

“I am not focusing on what the Senate is doing,” Mr. Gonzales said at a nuclear terrorism conference in Miami. “I am going to be focusing on what the American people expect of the attorney general of the United States and this great Department of Justice.”

In addition to the controversy over fired prosecutors, lawmakers of both parties have long complained that Gonzales allowed Justice to violate civil liberties on a host of other issues — such as by carrying out Mr. Bush’s warrantless wiretapping program.

“There is no confidence in the attorney general on this side of the aisle,” Senator Specter of Pennsylvania said.