American Employers Add 187,000 Jobs in August, Signaling a Still-Resilient Labor Market

WASHINGTON — America’s employers added 187,000 jobs in August, evidence of a slowing but resilient labor market despite the high interest rates the Federal Reserve has imposed.Last month’s job growth marked an increase from July’s revised gain of 157,000 but still pointed to a moderating pace of hiring compared with the sizzling gains of last year and earlier this year. From June through August, the economy added 449,000 jobs, the lowest three-month total in three years. In addition, the government revised down the gains for June and July by a combined 110,000.Friday’s report from the Labor Department also showed that the unemployment rate rose to 3.8 percent — the highest level since February 2022, though still low by historical standards — from 3.5 percent. Yet the rate rose for an encouraging reason: A sizable number of people — 736,000 — began looking for work last month, the most since January, and not all of them found jobs right away. Only people who are actively looking for a job are counted as unemployed.Transporting equipment at Boston on January 25, 2023. AP/Steven SenneIndeed, the proportion of Americans who either have a job or are looking for one rose in August to 62.8 percent, the highest level since February 2020, before Covid slammed into the American economy.The Fed’s streak of 11 interest rate hikes has helped slow inflation to 3.2 percent now from a peak of 9.1 percent last year. A decelerating job market could help shift the economy into a slower gear and reassure the Fed that inflation will continue to ease. For that reason, many economists say the central bank may decide that no further rate hikes are necessary.Friday’s jobs report also showed that wage gains are easing, a trend that may help provide reassurance that inflation pressures are cooling: Average hourly pay rose 0.2 percent from July to August, the smallest such gain in a year and a half. Measured year over year, wages last month were up 4.3 percent from August 2022, slightly below the 4.4 percent increase in both July and June.The Fed wants hiring to slow because intense demand for labor tends to inflate wages and feed inflation. The central bank hopes to achieve a rare “soft landing,” in which its rate hikes would manage to slow hiring, borrowing, and spending enough to curb inflation without causing a deep recession.“This is close to what the Fed wants to see,” said the chief economist at PNC Financial Services Group, Gus Faucher. The August jobs report “could be a way to a soft landing.”Still, Mr. Faucher cautioned that the economy may not have yet absorbed the full impact of the Fed’s rate hikes, which is why he still expects a recession in early 2024.So far, the job market has been cooling in the least painful way possible — with few layoffs. The Labor Department reported Thursday that the number of Americans applying for unemployment benefits — a proxy for job cuts — fell for a third straight week.Among sectors of the economy, by far the biggest hiring gain last month — 97,000 — came in the healthcare industry, which does not depend on the rise and fall of the economy. Construction companies added 22,000, factories 16,000, bars and restaurants nearly 15,000.By contrast, trucking companies shed 37,000 jobs, reflecting the shutdown of the Yellow trucking firm. And music and movie companies lost 17,000, a drop that the Labor Department attributed to striking Hollywood actors and writers.Taken as a whole, some economists saw Friday’s report as reflecting an economy that is returning to its pre-Covid state before the pandemic recession struck in 2020, followed by an explosive economic recovery.“The 187,000 gain in non-farm payrolls, jump in the unemployment rate and slowdown in wage growth in August all add to the evidence that labor market conditions are approaching pre-pandemic norms,” Capital Economics’ Andrew Hunter wrote in a research note.Optimism about a soft landing has been growing. The economy, though expanding more slowly than it did in the boom that followed the pandemic recession of 2020, has defied the squeeze of increasingly high borrowing costs. The gross domestic product — the economy’s total output of goods and services — rose by 2.1 percent annual rate from April to June. Consumers continued to spend, and businesses increased their investments.Economists and financial market analysts increasingly say the Fed may be done raising interest rates: According to data tracked by the CME Group, traders in futures markets see a greater than 90 percent likelihood that the Fed’s policymakers will leave rates alone at their next meeting on September 19 and 20.Even with the slowdown in job growth, many employers are still hiring, and some are having trouble filling positions. One such company, InCharge, which develops charging systems for electric vehicles, is adding 6 to 10 employees each month to its roughly 200-strong workforce. The company, based at Santa Monica, California, has hired two in-house recruiters in addition to working with employment agencies and offering bonuses to employees who bring on new staffers.Still, the chief operating officer of InCharge, Terry O’Day, said he does see signs that the job market is slowing. He’s hearing from more recruiting companies that represent people looking for work.Another company, Oransi, a maker of air purifiers, plans to hire 100 employees in America over the next two years, reflecting a shift in its manufacturing to Radford, Virginia from Communist China. Chief Executive Peter Mann said the shift was propelled by the pandemic, which intensified consumer demand for air purifiers and, consequently, a surge in competitors.Given what Mr. Mann says is now a saturation of air purifier makers, Oransi has redesigned its product to be less labor-intensive. Its retail price will be about $200 instead of roughly $300.Other companies are struggling with inflated costs. Among them is Halliday Brothers Contracting, a roofing business that’s run by two brothers, John and Mike Halliday. The company, based at Mesa, Arizona, is holding off on hiring contractors until the cost of materials like shingles and tar paper come back down.Initially, the pandemic delayed projects because of worries of infection. Then costs surged. The price of one popular brand of roofing shingles has shot up nearly 90 percent since the pandemic, fueling a jump in the cost of roof replacements — to as much as $17,000 from between $10,000 and $12,000.Having reduced the number of its roofing projects, the company now contracts with about 20 employees, down from 30 to 35.Mr. Mike Halliday said customers are growing nervous about the outlook for the economy.“When they’re not sure about what the economy’s going to look like and what’s going to happen with banks,” he said, “people don’t want to spend.”

American Employers Add 187,000 Jobs in August, Signaling a Still-Resilient Labor Market

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