Anyone who has lived in a city knows that cities are vile: nasty, crime-ridden, stinking of urine, plagued with rats, cauldrons of disease. And who has known cities also knows that cities are the home of all the civic virtues: elegant, magnanimous, joyous, and alive. These opposed senses of the city somehow dwell within us simultaneously, as they dwell within all human expressions of urban life. The Bible, for example, opens in a garden and starts with a sour view of cities: the first one built by Cain, the first murderer, with Sodom to Gomorrah prominent among the later ones. Until, suddenly, David brings the Ark of the Covenant from the country camp of Shiloh to the urban center of Judaism, and the city of Jerusalem aspires to be a light unto the nations.Poets are no different in their simultaneously charmed and horrified sense of the city. This past June, The New York Sun ran as its poem of the day William Wordsworth’s ‘Lines Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802,’ which looks at London at dawn and declares, “Earth has not any thing to show more fair.” Today, the Sun offers “London,” a 1794 poem William Blake (1757–1827) that looks at the same era’s London and sees “in every face I meet / Marks of weakness, marks of woe.” In rhymed tetrameter quatrains, Blake excoriates the evil of the place: how the cries of the poor blacken the churches, how the existence of girls forced into prostitution stains the institution of marriage. Interestingly, “London” appears in “Songs of Experience” but has no counterpart in Blake’s parallel volume, “Songs of Innocence,” suggesting that Blake cannot imagine an innocent human city till the New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation — in the Bible that begins in a garden and ends in a heavenly city.London by William BlakeI wander thro’ each charter’d street,Near where the charter’d Thames does flow.And mark in every face I meetMarks of weakness, marks of woe.In every cry of every Man,In every Infants cry of fear,In every voice: in every ban,The mind-forg’d manacles I hearHow the Chimney-sweepers cryEvery blackning Church appalls,And the hapless Soldiers sighRuns in blood down Palace wallsBut most thro’ midnight streets I hearHow the youthful Harlots curseBlasts the new-born Infants tearAnd blights with plagues the Marriage hearse___________________________________________ With “Poem of the Day,” The New York Sun offers a daily portion of verse selected by Joseph Bottum with the help of the North Carolina poet Sally Thomas, the Sun’s associate poetry editor. Tied to the day, or the season, or just individual taste, the poems will be typically drawn from the lesser-known portion of the history of English verse. In the coming months we will be reaching out to contemporary poets for examples of current, primarily formalist work, to show that poetry can still serve as a delight to the ear, an instruction to the mind, and a tonic for the soul.
